The first known Nakharar ruler was Vaghinak Siak (c. 330) and his successor was his brother Andok or Andovk (Antiochus, c. 340). The province is known for such endemic plant species as myrtus, gereri (?) and grenade. To the east from Ayrarat - between Yeraskh (Araks) and Artsakh - Syrunik has 12 regions: 1. Īccording to Ashkharhatsuyts in the 7th century, Syunik was divided into 12 administrative-territorial regions ( gavars): ĩ. In the south, the territory of Syunik extended to the Aras River. The north of Syunik comprised Gegharkunik and Sotk which lied on the coast of Lake Sevan. In the north-west, Syunik shared a border with lands situated in the direct neighborhood of Ganja, and in the south-west, it bordered on Nakhichevan ( Vaspurakan Province). In the west and north-west, it bordered on the Ayrarat Province in the east, the natural border between Syunik and Artsakh passed through the Hakari river (left inflow of the Aras).
Syunik was a big region in the east of historical Armenia. Hewsen writes that Syunik is probably identical with the place name Ṣuluqū mentioned in Urartian cuneiform inscriptions. Historian Armen Petrosyan has suggested that Syunik is related to the name of the Urartian sun god Shivini/Siwini (itself a borrowing from the Hittites), noting the similarity between the names and the high number of sun-related placenames in the region. At first glance, it appears to be the plural of Siwni, the name of the ancient princely dynasty of Syunik (the noble house, like the province, is also alternatively called Sisakan).
The ultimate etymology of the name Syunik is unknown. In Georgian sources, Syunik is typically called Sivnieti, while Arabic sources knew it as Sisaǰan, borrowed via Persian. 700), Syunik is referred to in Latin as Siania Caucasorum. Later, in the 6th century, the Byzantine historian Procopius refers to the inhabitants of the province as Sounitai. If Phaunitis is not to be identified with Syunik, then the earliest mention of the name in Greek sources is by Eusebius in the 4th century, who refers to it as Saunia. Strabo mentions a region of Armenia called Phaunitis, which some scholars read as *Saunitis and connect with Syunik. Sisakan, a later name for the province of Iranian origin, first appears in the 6th-century Syriac chronicle of Pseudo-Zacharias it is first mentioned in Armenian sources in the history of Movses Khorenatsi, who explains this name as deriving from Sisak, the name of one of the descendants of the legendary Armenian progenitor Hayk. The name Syunik is ancient and appears in the earliest Armenian written sources.
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